Metal Cutting:-
                         Metal cutting or Machining is the process of removing unwanted material from work piece. The major drawback of this process is loss of material in the form of chips.

Energy Intensive process == Surface finish
                                         == Tolerance
                                         == Accuracy
 Process should be best but economical because we have to go beyond plastic deformation up to the fracture.

Our requirments:-
             MRR(Material Removal Rate)   +
             Surface Finish                             +
             Power Consumption                    -
             Tool Life                                     +

• Higher feed gives surface finish
• For surface finish higher feed should be used

MRR:-
          Material Removal Rate (MRR)=V.s.t
                         where V= Cutting speed
                                    s = Feed
                                    t = Depth of cut


Elements of Tool Geometry:-

• Entire portion after shank is called a cutting point.
• Single point tool has 2 cutting edge.
• Drill bit has 4 cutting edge (2 primary cutting edge)

Single point tool:- 1 point, 2 edge, 3 areas

                                1 point = Nose

                                2 edge = Side cutting edge

                                            = End cutting edge

                                3 areas = Face

                                            = Side flank

                                            = End flank

Note:- All are made by Grinding.

A single point tool consists of following elements:-

1. Face:-

            The surface on which the chip impinges (slides) and flows along.

2. Flank:-

            The surface of the tool facing the work (work piece). They are of two type (a) Side Flank      (b) End Flank.

3. Cutting Edges:-

            They are of two types (a) Side cutting edge (b) End cutting edge.

• Intersection of side flank with rake face is called side cutting edge.
• Intersection of end flank with rack face is called end cutting edge.

4. Nose:-

            It is the point where the side cutting edge and end cutting edge intersect.


Elements of Tool Geometry Elements:-